Catcher in The Rye Essay -- essays research papers

Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J.D Salinger’s novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† focuses mainly on Holden Caulfield because he is the narrator and the novel is about his memory of characters and events throughout the story. These characters are more than just remembrances but actually help the reader to better understand Holden. Mr. Antolini, Phoebe, and Jane Gallagher are all characters that help fully characterize Holden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Antolini helps the reader better understand Holden’s hasty judgments about characters in the novel. He is one of the few people in the novel who Holden respects and does not consider a â€Å"phony.† Holden respects Mr. Antolini because he understands him and does not treat him like an inferior student like the rest of his teachers do. Mr. Antolini is very open with Holden and this is shown when he lets him stay the night in his apartment. Holden’s quick judgments of people are shown and better understood when Mr. Antolini touches his forehead while he sleeps in chapter 24. â€Å"I know more damn perverts, at schools and all, than anybody you ever met, and they’re always being perverty when I’m around.†(192) Holden jumps to conclusions right away when he wakes up to Mr. Antolini touching his forehead. Instead of thinking that his teacher was just showing affection and care for a student he is very quick to think that he is a pervert and homosexual. In the quote Holden says, â€Å"they’re always being perverty when I’m around,† this is more evidence that Holden jumps to conclusions and is quick with assumptions rather than to think about what it is to be a pervert. He thinks that he is just in the wrong place at the wrong time but it is more likely that he just assumes they are being â€Å"perverty† when they are truly not. Another example of Holden being quick with judgment is directly after the incident happens. Without letting the incident sink in, Holden changes into his clothes and runs out of the apartment. Mr. Antolini and the events that take place in his apartment help the reader fully understand Holden. Mr. Antolini is a compassionate person and his actions are out of care for his friend and student, Holden’s quick and hasty judgment is shown when he overlooks Mr. Antolini’s concern and affection for a homosexual advance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phoebe is another character that helps the reader bet... ...y voice was shaking something awful.† Holden’s helplessness to realize that sex can be casual is showing that he is immature and that he doesn’t want to let go of his childhood innocence. Jane’s character, a girl who Holden knows very well and has affection for, has casual sex which makes Holden very upset, this helps the reader better understand Holden’s immatureness and his refusal to let go of his childhood innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† the reader is able to better understand Holden by the characters in his remembrances. Mr. Antolini, a person who shows affection for Holden, shows the reader that Holden makes quick assumptions and judgments with characters in the novel. Phoebe, Holden’s younger sister, makes it evident to the reader that Holden does not want to grow up, mature, and have a future as an adult. Jane Gallagher’s character also helps the reader better understand Holden by making it evident that he does not want to let go of his childhood innocence. Although Holden’s character is the main focus of the novel, his remembrances of other key characters help define him and give the reader a better understanding of who he is.

Online Hotel reservation Essay

INTRODUCTION Over the years, the internet has greatly changed the way people use computers and communicate today. Many Internet terms have become part of people’s everyday language and e-mail has added a whole new means through which people can communicate. By the turn of the century, information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. The popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway. Whether you want to find the latest financial news, browse through library catalogs, exchange information with colleagues, or join in a lively political debate, the Internet is the tool that will take you beyond telephones, faxes, and isolated computers to a burgeoning networked information frontier. The pace of change brought about by new technologies has had a significant effect on the way people live and work worldwide. New and emerging technologies challenge the traditional process of teaching and learning, and the way education is managed. Information technology, while an important area of study in its own right, is having a major impact across all curriculum areas. As internet technology has improved, so have online reservation systems. Today, it is possible through online, to make a reservation for a hotel anywhere in the world. Hotels can create Web site and post new content on it every day. Technology has gone a long way, improving the lives of people. These technological breakthroughs have lots to offer, making great things in the easiest, fastest and efficient possible ways you can think of. Online hotel Reservation is very useful for the people especially for socials that they can now easily reserve a room in a hotel through online Internet. Easy worldwide communication provides instant access to a vast array of data. Project Overview Project Statement The hotel reservation system will provide service to on-line customers, travel agents, and an administrator. On-line customers and travel agents can make searches, reservations and cancel an existing reservation on the hotel reservation’s web site. Administrator can add/update the hotel and the room information approve/disapprove a new travel agent’s account application and  generate a monthly occupancy rate report for each hotel. Literature review The design of travel and tourism websites has received substantial attention by scholars (e.g.Schegg et al., 2002; Law and Leung, 2002; Law andWong, 2003; Scharl, Wà ¶ber and Bauer, 2003; Landvogt, 2004; So and Morrison, 2004; Essawy, 2005; Jeong et al., 2005; Law and Hsu,2006;Zafiropoulos and Vrana, 2006; Schmidt, Cantallops, and dos Santos, 2007).Landvogt (2004) evaluates several online booking engines over 23 differentcriteria, like overall user friendliness, payment method, instant confirmation,reliability, and invoicing function among others. These criteria present some ofsystem’s functions and design principles discussed furtherin current paper.In their study Jeong et al. (2005) find that only two characteristics ofhotel websites (information completeness and ease of use) are importantdeterminants of perceived website quality. These results are bewildering asmost studies identify more dimensions of perceived service quality to besignificant for website users. Law and Hsu (2006), for example, assess thedimensions of hotel websites (information regarding the reservation, hotelfacilities, contact details of the property, surrounding area and websitemanagement) and attributes in each dimension mostly valued by online users.Some of the most important website attributes are found to be the room rates,availability and security of payments (in the reservation informationdimension), the location maps, hotel and room amenities (in facilitiesinformation), telephone, address and e-mail of the hotel (for contactinformation), transportation to the hotel, airports and sights (for surroundingarea information), and up-to-date information, multilingual site and shortdownload time (for website management). So and Morrison (2004) applysimilar criteria for website evaluation as the preceding study but they groupthem into technical, marketing, consumer perspective and destinationinformation perspective criteria.Essawy (2005) focuses on website usability and shows that severeusability problems with interface quality, information quality, and servicequality affect negatively the purchase and revisit intentions of website users.The author identifies some of the practical tools/activities for increasing users’perceived satisfaction, purchase intention, and potential relationship building –exchanging links  with local points of interest, shorter/simpler pathways toleisure breaks, greater depth of information for room facilities and pricing,providing proactive interactions, and avoiding third-party reservation systems. In similar vein, Scharl, Wà ¶ber and Bauer (2003) assess the effectiveness ofhotel websites. Authors identify personal, system and media factors thatcontribute to hotel website adoption. In the system factors group, that is morecontrollable by the hotel management compared to personal and media factors,they identify the perceived utility of the product, speed of the system,intelligence, layout, services, languages, navigation, interactivity, reliability ofthe system.Research has also shown that trust is an important dimension of websitedevelopment (Fam, Foscht and Collins, 2004; Chen, 2006; Wu and Chang, 2006). If consumers do not trust the website they will not visit it, or will nottransform their visits into real purchases.Although much effort has been put towards evaluating the design oftourism websites and the identification of website attributes highly valued bycustomers, there is a gap in the research in the OHRS design and its specificproblems have not received enough attention in previous research with fewnotable exceptions. In series of reports Bainbridge (2002, 2003a, 2003b)discusses the practical aspects of the OHRS design (the search option in thesystems, the booking process and the date format), while Ivanov (2002, 2005)discusses the types and main characteristics of OHRSs and the major marketingdecisions to be taken by the marketing managers in their design. The review of available literature on the tourism / hotel website and OHRS design reveals the following conclusions:  · Website users are interested in easy navigation through the system.  · They want abundance of information for the services offered in textand pictures.  · Trust is vital for the usage of the system.  · Website design can significantly influence the online experience of theusers and their purchase intentions.  · Website design itself does not guarantee online purchases but it is theperceived utility of the product that attracts customers. Demographic characteristics and Internet Usage Behaviour Education level, age, income,and occupation have been found to be significantly different among Internet users. Bonn etal.(1998)[15] study showed that those who use the Internet as a travel information-gathering tool are likely to bemore educated, younger, with higher household incomes, use commercial lodging accommodations while traveling, tend to travel by air and spend more money on travel-related expenses. Weber and Roehl’s (1999)[16] study shows similar results. They found that online travel purchasers are more likely to be people who are aged 26-55, with higherincomes, with higher status occupations, and have more years of experience with the Internet than those who do not search or purchase online. The Asian demographic patterns of online purchasers tend to mirror their Western profiles. According tostudies carried out by Technowledge Asia in 1999 and 2000, cybershoppers in the four Asian regions (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia) were found to be mainly males, in the age group of 26 to 35 years and better educated. Hence, it has been shown that an individual’s educational level may affect their susceptibility to attitude change. Intelligent people understandcomplex messages better, and as a result, persuasion by complex messages is more likely. In addition, an individual’s educational level is alsopartially a measure of their socioeconomic status. Weber and Roehl (1999)[16] study found that Internet â€Å"bookers† were more likely to have used the Internet for 4 years. Other researchers confirmed that Internet bookers spend more time online per week than those booking offline (Weber and Roehl ,1999)[16]. Finally, the intention to shop online is also influenced by consumers’ Internet shopping history (Shim et al., 2001)[17]. It is demonstrated by pastresearch findings that prior online shoppingexperiences have a direct impact on Internet shopping intentions (Weber and Roehl, 1999)[16]. There have been other studies that have supported online experience or tenure as key determinant of onlinebuying behavior (Bellman, Lohse, and Johnson, 1999[18] and Beldona et al, 2004)[19]. Findings indicate that the greater the number of years the user spent online combined with higher frequency of Internet usage; the greater was the likelihood of buying (Bellman et al., 1999[18]; Weber and Roehl, 1999[16] and Beldona et al 2004)[19]. Alwitt and Hamer (2000)[20] posit that consumers increase  their control with more time spent on the Internet, and in turn develop finer expectations of their interactions with businesses in general. Hammond, McWilliam, and Diaz (1998)[21] of users’ attitudes towards the Web. Based from the literature review of the Internet users,it is noticeable that Internet users are better educated, higher incomes, higher status occupations, have more online experience, use commercial lodging accommodations while travelling and tend to travel by air. In Malaysia, one of the profiles that had an early exposure to the culture of using the Internetfor personal and professional reasons was university residents. These may consist of students, administrators and lecturers. However, university staffs are more likely to fit the profiles of the Internet users (in terms of purchasing) due to their financial capability and mobility. Consequently, this leads to: H1 : There is a relationship between the university   staffs’ demographic factors and the determinants of  online hotel reservation H2 : There is a relationship between the university   staffs’ Internet usage behavior and the determinants of online hotel reservation

sociology internationalist crime deviance - 1200 Words

1c How do interactionists explain crime? (Labelling Theory) Are offenders different? Interactionists argue that a mistake most perspectives make is that they assume lawbreakers are somehow different from law-abiding people. The labelling theory suggests that most people commit deviant and criminal acts but only come are caught and stigmatised for it. It is for this reason that emphasis should be on understanding the reaction and definition of deviance rather than the causes of the initial act. Quote by Howard Becker 1963 â€Å"Deviancy is not a quality of the act a person commits but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender’. Deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label.† The†¦show more content†¦This concept refers to the processes involved in labelling and then whether or not a person takes on the self-image of the ‘deviant’. Creating Rules Once labelling theorists began the process of looking at how social life was open to negotiation and that rule enforcement was no different than other social activities, their attention shifted to the creation of rules and laws and why they were made. Traditionally sociologists took a Marxists view that they were made in the interest or the ruling class, or they took a more functionalist view that laws in a democracy were a reflection of the views of the majority of the population. Becker doubted both these accounts and argued instead that: â€Å"Rules are the products of someone’s initiative and we can think of the people who exhibit such enterprises as ‘moral entrepreneurs’.† So labelling theorists argue that laws are a reflection of the activities of people (moral entrepreneurs) who actively seek to create and enforce laws. The reasons for this are either that the new laws will benefit the activists directly or that the activists believe that the laws are truly beneficial to society. Becker’s most famous example of this is his study following the outlawing of cannabis in the USA in 1937. Becker as well as other sociologists use term ‘moral crusade’ to describe the movements/actions taken to pass laws. Criticisms The idea that those who seek to pass laws or impose rule upon others have been largelyShow MoreRelatedCity of God949 Words   |  4 PagesLaura Schneider Sociology 1 The City of God After watching â€Å"The City of God†, I personally can see the correlation that crime plays in association with poverty, social influence, and lack of law and order. Though my perspective vastly varies from that of sociological theorists, I think we can both conclude that this movie is an extreme representation as to what can occur when society shuns away disadvantaged youths to a place that lacks justice as well as ethical and moral responsibilities.Read MoreDeviance Theory and Drug Use1619 Words   |  7 PagesTheories of Deviance Applied to Drug Use Since the dawn of society there have been people whose behavior differed from the rest of society. There are many different theories and perspectives on why people do things like abuse drugs, and although we my never have all the answers, sociology still help us to understand the problem better. In order to understand the theories of deviance, and apply them to drug use in our society one must first understand what deviance is. Alex Thio defines deviance as an

ESL Tips and Quiz Using Complex Subjects

Political And Legal Environment Australia - 1753 Words

Political and Legal Environment Australia is proud of their stable political environment, uniform intellectual property laws and strategic plans that makes Australian economy continuously grow up. Australian stable political environment makes it become an internationally competitive destination for business and investment development. A stable political environment becomes more important to local and international businesses and industries, because of global financial challenges. Australia has been ranked as second in the top 10 most politically stable countries in the world, ahead of many major countries. In addition, Australia is more stable than America. In the face of current global financial challenges, Australia provide a safe and competitive operating environment to businesses and industry. Political stability(score out of 10 - a higher score indicates greater political stability) This kind of stable environment is very good for Panera Bread’s expansion. Also, Australia is a developed country. For the legal environment, we can study from some fast food restaurants those already expanded in Australia. Panera Bread is an American chain of bakery-cafà © fast casual restaurants in the United States and Canada. In addition, Australians are leaders in fast-food consumption in the world. Burger and chicken chain stores become more famous in the suburbs, and instead of the traditional meat pies, fish, and chips. Before, Australians are interest in tea, but now, coffee andShow MoreRelatedPolitical And Legal Environment Overview Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical/Legal Factors 5.1 Political Legal Environment Overview Holburne and Zelna (2010) describe the legal political environment as an arena where organisations interact with a body of laws and regulations, guiding interactions between nations, firms and various local government agencies. 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The factors include political, economic, social and technological. For Myer, these forces combine with the internal factors, and other external factors like competition. The Australian consumer goods retail market is worth $121 billion (IBISWorld, 2012) but is heavily fragmented. Myer is the third-largest company in the industry behind David Jones and Harvey Norman, but with $3.158 billion in salesRead MoreFood In Japan Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary This report is a political, economic, social, technological, and environmental and legal–(PESTEL) report carried out to assess the viability of the opportunity market SAFOLS ready to eat tuna meals in Japan. 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Impact of Nature Versus Nurture in the Cause of a Health Problem

Question: Disuss the evaluation of Impact of nature versus nurture in the cause of a health problem? Answer: Most of the people who have lung cancer are the people who smoke. But not all people who smoke get lung cancer. Not everybody who is obese gets diabetes. Diet, cigarette smoke and influences of environment give rise to disease in some of the people but not all people. It is a topic to be understood that why does nature and nurture affect people differently. Most diseases are complex, and involve environmental and genetic factors. Research is going on to understand the assortment of genetic structure, exposure to environment and individual habits that together cause a disease. We think diseases to be simple. But we must understand the role of genetic factors, environment and behaviour and habits of people in cause of serious health issues (Genomenewsnetwork.org, 2015). The topic of nurture versus nature is one of the chosen topics for debate in todays times and in the current situation there is no particular conclusion. This is because both nature and nurture play a crucial role in he alth issues. The phrase nature versus nurture is the comparison of a persons innate qualities and a persons individual experiences. We are still not able to understand the fitting of nurture in nature paradigm. There are schools of thoughts who argue that environmental factors exert influence on DNA. The casual factors of human diseases can be fully understood once we get a clear idea on this matter(Faqs.org, 2015). A persons biochemical and genetic makeup is the nature for a disease. It is the genetic inheritance. It is the information that is encoded in our genes. We get it from both the parents at the time of birth and it is carried throughout our lives (heredity Meaning, 2015). Many a things in our body are inherited genetically. These include gender, height, colour of eyes, nature and texture of hair, risk of developing certain disease, metabolic problems, etc. The definition of nature is thus the biologically inherited abilities and tendencies that a person has at the time of birth and gets revealed as they grow older. The genetic makeup is one of the most important factors for development of a disease (Butler.org, 2015). The personal habits and behaviours of a person and the environmental influences are what we know as nurture. A person may be subjected to several environmental factors throughput his life time. These include physical trauma, infections, chemicals and pesticide exposure, r ural living, drinking water, air pollution, metals like lead and mercury, natural hazards, occupational health like exposure to electromagnetic radiation, climatic change, diseases from virus and insects like swine flu, (Better Health Channel, 2015). There are many dimensions to these factors. Physical and social factors are part of these. Social factors include drinking and eating habit, smoking habit. The environmental factors have levels of impact on development. This is because they have many layers of action. There are some macro factors too like global warming (Butler.org, 2015). One of the most important health concerns of todays time are diabetes. So it was a good thought to evaluate the impact of nature and nurture on cause of diabetes. Diabetes was the 7th leading cause of death in USA in 2010. It caused death of around 69,071 people (American Diabetes Association, 2015). Diabetes is not the cause of death solely in aged people; many youths are also affected by this. It causes the death of around 2012, 86 million of American citizen whose ages were around 20. So based on this statistics it is clear that the mortality of diabetes is very high and is not restricted only among old people but in young people also (Wild et al., 2004). Death is not the only result of diabetes. The other complication of diabetes are Cardio vascular disease, risk of stroke, chances of heart attack, Blindness and Eye problem, Dyslipidemia and renal problem (Health.ny.gov, 2015). So to address the issue of diabetics first we need to know the impact of nature and nurture on diabetes . Diabetes is referred to as diabetes mellitus by doctors. It describes a group of metabolic diseases which increases the blood glucose level, either because of inadequate insulin production or body cells become insensitive to insulin, or some time both. Patients who has high blood sugar normally experience polyuria (frequent urination), tendency of thirst (polydipsia) and other complications like cardio vascular disease, eye problem etc. (Matthews, 2008). Basically there are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes production of insulin becomes impaired. As a result blood glucose level increases. Injection of insulin from outside can improve the condition. It is also called Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In Type 2 diabetes, body does not produce sufficient insulin to perform its normal function, or body becomes insensitive to insulin. This is called Insulin independent diabetes mellitus. An insulin injection from external source cant improve the condition. This state is called insulin resistance (Meisenberg and Simmons, 2012). The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is mostly prevalent in those people who have increasing levels of obesity, decrease physical activity or lack of exercise, excess consumption of junk foods, irregularity in food intake, and habits of excessive smoking and consumption of alcohol. Genetics does play an important role in type 2 diabetes. But recent studies have shown that only genetics do not cause diabetes. Environmental triggers are also present. Almost everyone is prone to these triggers. There are no doubts that genes are the important factors for diabetes. In identical twins, if one has type 2 diabetes mellitus there is 80% chance that other twin will develop too. A number of genes are associated with diabetes like PTPN, TCF7L2, SHIP2, HNF4-a, ENPP1 (Stehouwer and Schaper, 2009). Heredity plays a vital role in the determination of occurrence of type 1 diabetes. Genetic factors are passed from generation to generation. Some gene variants that has instructions for synthesis of certain proteins called HLA are in connection with the risk of developing type1 diabetes. The proteins made up by HLA genes are determining factors for recognition of a cell as foreign or part of own body. Environmental factors like food, toxins, and virus also play an important role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Some suggest that environmental factors cause destruction of beta cells in the people who are genetically susceptible to diabetes. Some suggest that these factors have an ongoing role in the cause of diabetes. A virus cannot cause diabetes but people have a chance of developing diabetes after a viral infection. The common viruses causing diabetes are mumps, rubella, adenovirus. They damage the beta cells and trigger autoimmune response in people who are susceptible to di abetes. Dietary factors may alter chances of developing diabetes. Like, babies who are breastfed and get vitamin D have less chances of developing type 1diabetes. In case of type 2 diabetes too genes play an important role. People with a family history of diabetes are more prone to develop this disease. The TCF7L2 gene variation increase chances of developing diabetes. People who have this variant are 80% more prone to this disease. Genes can increase chances of diabetes by increasing tendency to become obese or overweight. Obesity and physical inactivity are associated with development of diabetes. People who are susceptible are vulnerable when they are obese. Imbalance between food uptake and physical activity can lead to being obese. Abdominal fat increases. It becomes a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Millions of people can change their chances of getting diabetes by changing lifestyle and losing some weight (Niddk.nih.gov, 2015). For many years, contribution of nature and nurture in type 1 diabetes has been a topic of discussion. Much to disappointment, the knowledge that has been produced was scattered. This is because there was no model to consider the contributions. Thus a model was designed to follow up the interactions of nature and nurture for type 1 diabetes. The model suggested that studies on aetiopathogenesis of diabetes type1 should address both environmental and genetic influences (Wasserfall et al., 2011). Diabetes is a disease which leads a person slowly to death. It is an inheritance disorder. If a member within a family has the previous history of diabetes then there is a high risk of getting this disease to the other members of the same family and to the future generation at any moment in their life. But we can control the situation by maintaining a good and healthy lifestyle. Most of the diabetes can be managed by following strict regulation. Exercise helps a lot in controlling the disease. Exercise reduces the excess fat from the body so it reduces the chances of developing the disease and complication like heart attack. Apart from that a proper balanced diet is also helpful in controlling this. People need to avoid junk food. So people need to understand that if they cant prevent diabetes they can manage it. The topic regarding which factor is more important for the cause of diabetes is still in debate across the globe. References: Butler.org, (2015).How nature and nurture may interact to cause severe psychiatric illness. [online] Available at: https://www.butler.org/patientsandcommunity/nature-nurture-interaction.cfm [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. Faqs.org, (2015).Nature vs. nurture: does biology or environment influence development? - Mental Health - body, brain, children, disorder, high, meaning, disease, human, people. [online] Available at: https://www.faqs.org/health/Healthy-Living-V3/Mental-Health-Nature-vs-nurture-does-biology-or-environment-influence-development.html [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. Genomenewsnetwork.org, (2015).Nature and Nurture in Disease. [online] Available at: https://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/09_03/environ_genome.shtml [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. American Diabetes Association, (2015). Statistics About Diabetes. [online] Available at: https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/ [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. Meisenberg, G. and Simmons, W. (2012). Principles of medical biochemistry. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby Niddk.nih.gov, (2015).Causes of Diabetes. [online] Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/causes-diabetes/Pages/index.aspx [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. Stehouwer, C. and Schaper, N. (2009).Diabetes. Oxford: Clinical Pub. Health.ny.gov, (2015).What Complications (Problems) are Caused by Diabetes?. [online] Available at: https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/conditions/diabetes/problems_caused_by_diabetes.htm [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. Matthews, D. (2008).Diabetes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R. and King, H. (2004). Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.Diabetes Care, 27(5), pp.1047-1053. Better Health Channel, (2015).Environmental health - Better Health Channel. [online] Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Environmental_health?open [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. heredity Meaning, d. (2015).heredity Meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary. [online] Dictionary.cambridge.org. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/heredity [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015].

The Best Ways to Find and Remove Stolen Content

Theft is an unfortunate reality of publishing content online. Stolen content could be an article that is copied exactly, or an article that’s spun into a marginally different version of your article. In either case, there are steps you can take to remove that content from the offending website. How Constant Content Keeps You Secure We’ve been in the online content business for a long time, so we’ve seen it all. Over those years, we have implemented a number of systems and tools to protect the content on our site and make it difficult for would-be thieves. We use a 3-pronged approach to protect the articles you put up for sale: Content credits Account review tools Long summary system 1. Content Credits Have you ever wondered why Constant Content requires customers to purchase content with credits? The reason is that having customers commit to purchasing credits before being able to preview any content is one of the best ways to keep your content secure. Most thieves don’t want to pay anything so requiring customers to purchase credits before previewing content discourages thieves. 2. Account Review Tools Everyone that signs up for a customer account on Constant Content is thoroughly reviewed using sophisticated tools. These tools were specifically implemented to help us ensure that clients are trustworthy. 3. Long Summary System When you upload an article to the Constant Content catalog, customers can only see a preview of the article. By only showing a portion of the article, we allow business to assess the quality of your writing but make it difficult for thieves to steal your article. Despite our best efforts, sometimes articles get stolen. But before you can do anything about stolen content, you need to be able to find it. How to Find Stolen Content Google is the best tool for discovering and monitoring your content if it has been copied anywhere else online. Google Search with Quotation Marks The easiest way to tell if an article has been copied and posted elsewhere online is to copy a few sentences and paste them into a Google search with quotation marks. Then scroll down to the content editor section and copy the first paragraph. Next, open a new Google search and paste the paragraph you copied with quotation marks on either end. Adding quotes around your search will tell Google to find pages with that exact string of text. Obviously, if you sell an article it will show up somewhere online. But if an article has never been sold, then searching for a paragraph should generate zero results. Set Up a Google Alert Google Alert is another great tool for help you monitor your content and get notified of websites using your content. Here’s how to set up a Google Alert. First, go to Google Alerts. Copy the first paragraph of your article and create an alert for that text. Now, if a website copies your article and publishes it, you will receive an email notification. You can choose between receiving emails daily, weekly, or â€Å"as it happens†. Search for Stolen Content with Copyscape Copyscape is a tool specifically designed to check if a piece of content is original. While there are some limits on the free version of this tool, it can help you find stolen content. To use Copyscape, simply enter in the URL of the page which includes your article. The tool will then crawl the internet and return any pages with duplicate content. What to Do If Your Content Is Stolen If you have an article stolen, there are a few steps to take. Let Us Know First, let us know about the issue and include a link to the offending article as well as your original article. We try to figure out which client took the article so we can suspend their account. Email the Website Owner Most blogs and website owners include their contact information somewhere on the site. If you can, email the website owner and ask for them to remove the offending content. Some websites will actually remove the article fairly quickly, especially if you threaten to file a complaint if the article is not removed in a timely manner. Find Out Who Is Hosting the Website Website’s like WhoIs.net can help you figure out who is hosting a domain. Once you figure out where a domain is registered, send them an email explaining the situation and include links to your original article and the stolen article. Be sure to also include the publish dates so it’s very clear that your content was published first. These companies are often quite responsive when it comes to duplicate content, and they may even remove the offending website altogether. File a DMCA Takedown Filling a DMCA complaint should only be used as a last resort. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a method of reporting to Google a website has stolen your content. The process is a bit complicated and it involves some legal understandings, but essentially, you’re asking Google to review the articles. If Google agrees that a website has indeed been stealing your content, then the site will be banned from Google search results, their Google Ads (formerly AdWords) account will be shut down, and the individual will be barred from opening a new Google Ads account. In Summary It’s impossible to be 100% protected from thieves when you publish content online. Fortunately, there are ways you can search for and track stolen content, as well as ways to have that content removed. If you’re unfortunate enough to have a piece of content stolen, follow this post to help get the content back and prevent it from happening again or at least get credit for your writing.