Mongols in the Middle East

The Mongols were plunderers, family warriors, and leaders of a cross-country domain in the thirteen century.â Also alluded to as the Tatars and savages, they vanquished Persia before proceeding onward to Europe with the Khan of Khans, Genghis Khan as their most significant leader.â Eventually the Mongols made a realm for themselves which is known as the biggest coterminous realm in world history. In Europe, the Mongols originally assaulted Hungary in the year 1241.â They crushed all military restriction in Poland and the Balkans before pulling together to push west.â The Mongol intrusion of all Europe could have been finished over the span of a year.â However, an unforeseen message showed up to get back to all Mongols to Genghis Khan.â Europe was mostly delivered.â But Islam was definitely not. Continuously 1220, the Mongols had caught Samarkand and Bukhara.â And, in the year 1255, the Mongol leaders of Persia did battle against the Caliph of Islam in Baghdad.â Led by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Hulagu Khan, they attacked Syria and Palestine, and in 1258, caught Baghdad, annihilating the city and murdering the Abbasid Caliph all the while. Baghdad, before the Mongol intrusion, was one of the focuses of scholarly action for the whole globe.â By assaulting the middle, the Mongols essentially snuffed out the scholarly blossoming of the time.â Besides, the city had its horticulture bolstered by a channel arrange a large number of years in age.â The Mongols likewise wrecked the physical structure of Baghdad †before then alluded to as the City of Peace †by filling in the water system waterways and leaving Iraqâ too eliminated to reestablish them.â The savages had killed around eighty thousand individuals of Baghdad. After Baghdad, the Mongols walked westbound, yet were stopped at Ayn Jalut, one of the conclusive war zones of history close to Nazareth in Israel.â In the year 1260, the Turkish and Egyptian powers directed the Mongols at Ayn Jalut, in this way keeping the foe from assaulting Egypt and North Africa.â The Golden Horde Mongols of Russia agreed with the Turks and the Egyptians to betray their own sort. By coming into contact with the Muslims through attacks, endless Mongols started to grasp Islam.â Ghazan Khan Mahmud, a Mongol ruler, formally received Islam as the religion of the state at the beginning of the fourteenth century.â During this period, the Mongols assembled mosques and schools, and belittled a wide range of grant. Of course, Tamerlane, the world champion, showed up among the Mongols, driving the savage powers to clear down on Central Asia, India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria; possessing Aleppo and Damascus; and undermining the Mamluks.â The Muslims endure their invaders.â Nonetheless, the harm had been done.â Some of the districts involved by the Muslims in the past did never recoup completely, and the Muslim domain never completely recovered its huge force held previously. The Mongol attacks happened to be a significant reason for resulting decrease that set in all through the heartland of the Arab East.â The Mongols, in their move through the Muslim world, had slaughtered and extradited multitudinous researchers just as researchers; annihilated libraries alongside their vital works; and consequently set up for general scholarly decrease in the Middle East.â By clearing out the important social, logical, and mechanical heritage thatâ the Muslim researchers had been protecting for around 500 years †the Mongols had left a permanent blemish on the psyches of the Middle Easterners.â After the Mongols, the Middle East never truly arrived at the stature of scholarly matchless quality it once had reached. The Mongols came to control the whole Middle East with the exception of Egypt.â Traditionally the admirers of paradise, the Mongols had faith in their perfect option to manage the whole world.â The Muslims in the Middle East had likewise put stock in their own incomparability until this time.â This is on the grounds that the Holy Qur’an had alluded to the devotees as the best of networks raised on earth.â The Mongol intrusions were a harsh dissatisfaction for the Muslims of the Middle East, seeing that they demonstrated how the incomparable Muslim Caliphate could be directed effectively by a band of brutes. A genuine misfortune for the Muslims of the Middle East, Mongols governed the Middle Easterners from Persia rather than Baghdad, pounding the Arab feeling of predominance in the process.â The experts had transformed into subjects.â This, surely, was a significant exercise for Middle Easterners, seeing that the occasions of the hundreds of years to come held considerably more prominent blows coming up for them. Muslim students of history have affirmed that the Mongol attack of the Middle East was a discipline from God for the leaders of the Muslim world that had gone to corruption.â Moreover, God doesn't endure haughtiness with respect to a race that comes to run another.â The Middle Easterners had, at this point, seen enormous triumphs wherever in the world.â And yet, the Abbasids had ousted the Umayyads, along these lines making way for Middle Eastern decline.â This is on the grounds that Islam doesn't set sibling against brother.â It might just be that rulers from the Middle East had started toppling each other for power alone rather than Islam. actually, a similar example was applied among the Mughal heads of the subcontinent, who also were in the end toppled by â€Å"outsiders†. At the point when the Ottomans were ousted by â€Å"outsiders† after the First World War, it was an update for the Muslim world.â As a self evident actuality, the Mongols were brought to mind.â once more, the Muslim Caliphate had been discarded. One reason refered to by Muslim researchers for the fall of the Muslim Caliphate is that a large number of the caliphs who came after Prophet Muhammad and his companions, Abu Bakr, Usman, Umar, and Ali †were crushed in light of the fact that they had fabricated terrific realms at the expense of disposing of contemplations about the afterlife.â indeed, straight up to the Ottomans, the Muslims had framed a genuinely heavenly domain. Collections of mistresses were normal, and there was simply an excess of fervor over common undertakings to leave the great beyond alone of much worry to the rulers just as their subjects.â In fact, Muslims are intended to be centered around existence in the wake of death rather than common affairs.â Even however the greatness of David and Solomon isn't hated, a large number of the caliphs of Islam after the initial barely any ones are genuinely known to have turned a lot of consideration on common affairs.â This, as indicated by Muslim antiquarians, was one of the central reasons for Middle Eastern decrease. The Mongols remain in the cognizance of the Middle Easterners today as a token of the ruthless past †a past for which just they were held responsible.â The update is beneficial.â In purpose of actuality, the historical backdrop of the Mongols among the Middle Easterners is just intended to bring the Muslims of the Middle East nearer to God, and the genuine soul of Islam.  Â

Chinese Society Essay Example For Students

Chinese Society Essay China PaperCHINESE SOCIETYEven since the sensational post-1949 changes in China with respect to the job of ladies, China has stayed paternalistic in its perspectives and socialreality. The land change, which was expected to make a more balancedeconomic power in marriage, was the start of administrative endeavors topacify ladies, with no genuine social impact. Socialist China expected to address the lady question. Since ladies needed greater correspondence, and uniformity is given out from the hands of those in power,capitalism was analyzed. The financial issues of stifled Chinese womenwere concentrated on the Land Act and the Marriage Act of 1950. The Land reformsucceeded in killing the all-encompassing familys material premise and hence,its potential for acting like a political danger to the system. Little plotswere redistributed to every relative paying little heed to age or sex; and landreform arrangements specified that property would be similarly separated in thecase of separati on. In any case, their spouses viably controlled landallotted to ladies. Male centric familial connections in the Confuciantradition appeared to stay unblemished. The Marriage Law of 1950 legitimized marriage, reproved patriarchalauthority in the family unit and conceded both genders equivalent rights to document fordivorce. The second and most conspicuous component of the technique wasintegrating ladies into financial turn of events. Womens work was viewedas an essential for liberation from middle class structures as exemplified inthe male centric family. Moreover, at the center of the CCPs procedure forpolitical combination was financial reproduction and provincial turn of events. The full interest of ladies was not just an ideological basic buta even minded one. Third, the All-China Womens Federation (W.F.) wasestablished by the CCP to assemble ladies for financial advancement andsocial change. Ladies succeeded in picking up materialisticly. Be that as it may, culture directs whether these administrative endeavors can besuccessful and China has demonstrated that they were just panaceas for the realissue. Materialistic methodologies couldn't shadow the issue of the view inChinese society of the job of ladies. In the battle for fairness, Chinadid not go to the ladies to see what they accepted as the most effectiveanswer to the issue. The paternalistic forces gave ladies what they thoughtthey required for an equalizer, not understanding the need forself-certification and autonomy. The issue the ladies revitalized under was that men were noting the womanquestion. Womens associations were not permitted their voice, which becamean amusing and baffling support to the unfortunate condition of ladies inChina. The One-Family, One-Child strategy propelled in 1979 has turned reproductioninto a zone of direct state intercession. The new system under Deng madethe neo-Malthusian perception that the financial increases from change wereb arely adequate to suit a populace of one billion, given thenatural populace development pace of 1.26 percent, significantly less give a basefor progressed mechanical turn of events. The One-Family, One-Child campaignshave in this way focused on ladies to confine their childbearing as a patrioticduty. The family arranging arrangement is executed by nearby units of the W.F.,barefoot specialists and wellbeing laborers who are for the most part ladies. Every family isvisited separately by individuals from the neighborhood family arranging panel. After the main kid, ladies are granted a one-kid authentication thatentitles them to various benefits. Standard guidelines concerningthe kind of conception prevention technique utilized require IUDs following one child,sterilization after the subsequent one and premature birth for unapproved pregnancies. The approach lays on a coercive arrangement of assents and rewards. Economicsanctions include: installment of an overabundance youngster demand as remuneration to thestate for the expense of another kid to the nation; decrease in thefamilys grain apportion (or more significant expenses) for creating an overflow child;limitations on extra land for private plots and the privilege tocollective grain in the midst of flood and dry spell; and ineligibility forpromotion for a long time, downgrade, or decrease in compensation (Anders,52). .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .postImageUrl , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:visited , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:active { border:0!important; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:active , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a 74b5e21967b5 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The House On Mango Street EssayMoreover, the culpable couple needs to shoulder all costs for clinical careand training of overabundance kids, and additional youngsters have the lowestpriority in admission to kindergarten, school and clinical establishments. Conversely, one-youngster families are qualified for some benefits includingmonthly or yearly money appropriations for wellbeing or government assistance until the childreaches fourteen years old; and extra private plots from thecommune. Single kids are qualified with the expectation of complimentary training, wellbeing services,and need in admission to nurseries, schools and emergency clinics. Parentsreceive an extra endowment to their mature age benefits (Croll,89). The reason for the issue is amusing once more. Populace development is generallythe consequence of a well working society. Improved medication and nutritionhas supported a higher future. Interior harmony in China has alsocontributed to the people living longer. Since Communism lays on thedoling out of items and advantages dependent on the number in a household,the structure of the administration itself energized populace development. The rustic resurgence delivered the characteristic impact of having more kids tohelp with the work and produce more. Absence of room in Urban regions inducedpressure on couples not to have more youngsters. A fantastic trade off wasnever came to between the two relieving elements of urban and provincial familyneeds. Along these lines, an inadequate activity was executed. Because of the incapability of the law, consistence turned into a problem,especially in the country regions. Ladies were looked to for the arrangement tothe issue. Constrained disinfection and premature births were turning out to be commonplacein the areas where weight was put on the authorities to make a move. Dangers of viciousness and the loss of benefits of a family were gorilla tacticsused on the wrongdoers of resistance. The confidence of Chinese ladies and young ladies was everything except squashed with beinglooked at as useless, since young men were profoundly esteemed in single familyhomes. Young ladies were to be for the utilization of others. In endeavors to spare money,girls were avoided school and given modest local work. It is evident to see the social fight that ladies in China have beforethem. The requests of country agrarian work sabotage the one-youngster lawand make strife on numerous levels in both provincial and urban China. While it is anything but difficult to harp on the abuse of ladies in China, one must lookto the amazing steps that a Communist country had the option to take in thelast 50 years. An unrivaled assurance rested in the Communists goalfor addressing the lady question. The steps that were takeneconomically have added to the improvement of numerous Chinese ladies. Socialist Chinas expectations were to furnish ladies with economicequalization which shook the establishment of Chinese society. Themale-ruled family was being tested to perceive the legitimateother half. Recollecting that young ladies were viewed as futile, brings tolight the genuine steps that have propelled Chinese society in the structure oflegal acknowledgment. The intra-familial relations have not developed along the lines ofrecognition of the distinction and credibility of ladies. For example,the brutal act of foot authoritative, which rendered a lady weak tobe a monetary giver. Furthermore, even past that, the contort in idealizingsomething so disparaging to ladies exhibited that China was not prepared torelease their social bonds on ladies. Masterminded relationships offered nothingfor ladies in as

The Actual Cost of Owning a Thing

The Actual Cost of Owning a Thing Pull any item off a retail shelf, carry it to the corrals of cash registers, and you can exchange the money youve earned to bring the thing home with you. But the true cost of a thing goes well beyond the price on the pricetag. The cost of Storing the thing. Maintaining the thing. Cleaning the thing. Watering the thing. Feeding the thing. Charging the thing. Accessorizing the thing. Refueling the thing. Changing the oil of thing. Replacing the batteries of the thing. Fixing the thing. Repainting the thing. Taking care of the thing. Thinking about the thing. Worrying about the thing. Protecting the thing. Replacing the thing. When you add it all up, the actual cost of owning a thing is nearly immeasurable. So we better choose carefully what things we bring into our lives, because we cant afford every-thing. Of course, letting go is not only freeing, its freeâ€"no purchase necessary. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

The Influences of Drug Use in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World

In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World the use of soma clouds peoples ability to experience natural human emotions. It deprives people from understanding who they are as a human being and what they value. The drug is used as a hallucinogen and an antidepressant. Soma was designed for people to consume it when they got into tough situations or just needed a quick â€Å"holiday† away from reality. Even Bernard, who was once against the use of soma, began taking it and acting just like everyone else. Since birth, people in the World State are being manipulated through programs that engrain their mind with the stereotypes of each caste, making them slip away from their true identities. By â€Å"making people like their unescapable social identity† (26), they never question their position or why they were placed in their castes. The people are tricked into thinking that they have endless freedom by being allowed to do whatever they want whenever they want when in reality, â€Å"people are happy [because] they get what they want, [but] they never want that they can’t get.† (199) They are trained psychologically from childhood to control their future behavior resulting in not having a sense of individuality. They are never encouraged to spend time on their own or to think freely, which is something that the savages are allowed to do. Citizens of the world state are brainwashed to think that the savages are anything other than that. They are viewed as uneducated people who really serve no importantShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreTheme Of Indoctrination In Brave New World1029 Words   |  5 PagesIndoctrination to Mould Brave New World’s Society â€Å"Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.† (Reagan) Many factors can construct a conditioned society, by applying social norms and ideologies. These factors influence the use of indoctrination and dehumanization in society, which is an important theme throughout the novel. Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World, is a great example of indoctrination; it demonstrates the effects of conditioning in the process of dehumanizationRead MoreHuxleys Writing Style1783 Words   |  8 PagesThe Writing Style of Aldous Huxley Aldous Huxley was one of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century. His intelligence is obvious to anyone who has ever read his work and seriously considered the concepts contained within them. Aldous Huxley has written everything from poetry to intellectual essays, fiction, non-fiction, scientific papers, and even accounts of psychedelic experiences. Aldous Huxley is most famous for writing Brave New World. Other prominent works include The Doors of PerceptionRead MoreThe Poignant Prophet By Aldous Huxley1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poignant Prophet One could say that Aldous Huxley was born into greatness, or one could also say that his greatness was forged from his experiences. Neither would be wrong. Huxley was a third son born in 1894, into a family that was distinguished on both sides. He was able to attend paid public school and later attended Eton. Huxley suffered three great traumas that affected his life deeply. The first would be the death of his beloved mother in 1908; he would later express this experience inRead MoreAlcohol in Our Society; Huxleys View in Relation to Brave New World833 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol in Our Society; Huxley’s View in Relation to Brave New World Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a science fiction book that captures both the good and bad sides of cloning and mass production of humans through science. Huxley’s book, published in 1932, conveys his well-developed and disturbingly accurate ideas about human behavior in what was then the distant future. In addition, his writing measures the capacity for which humans can obsess over not only having a perfect societyRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1564 Words   |  7 Pages Envision a world where everybody is happy, there is no sorrow or suffering, no fear of death, no misery, everything is pleasant, and the government doles out happy pills, known as Soma. Aldous Huxley’s novel â€Å"Brave New World† describes this world. Is everyone truly happy, and what do the citizens sacrifice in exchange for living in this utopia? Huxley helped shape the modern mind with provocative theories about humankind s destiny, and he was concerned with the possible social and moral implicationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1222 Words   |  5 Pagesquarter related the most to modern American society? The first novel that was read this quarter was Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, and this novel was about a dystopian society and the importance of reading. The next book that was read was Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and this novel was about a society where production is the first priority. Then the last novel read was 1984 by George Orwell, this novel was about a society where the Government ran everything and desired complete power. All three ofRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pageswas to narrow their focus on the past century they would see the works and predictions of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. Both Huxley and Orwell, as one could infer, composed novels that describe future societies and their inner workings. Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World, where members of society originate from a lab and who’s lives are pre-determined by the controllers. The controllers of Huxley’s futuristic society’s fundamental goal is to create an ideal community where every member achievesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Brave New World925 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel, Brave New World, the author, Aldous Huxley strategically incorporates various Shakespearean allusions into his story. The most distinguished allusion throughout the entirety of the novel is to a quote from The Tempest, a play about a sorcerer and his daughter that live together on a remote island. The quote from The Tempest, in which Brave New World derives its name, â€Å"O, wonder!/How many goodly creatures are there here!/How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world,/That has such peopleRead MoreLenina and Linda: Character Foils Essay666 Words   |  3 PagesIn Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Lenina and Linda are character foils of one another. Hux ley foils these characters in order to show the differences not only between their characters, but also to show the difference in the societies that which they are accustomed to. Lenina and Linda were complete strangers and had never met; however, they share many similarities while remaining different. Both Lenina and Linda use soma to escape from the realities of the world. Soma is a symbol for instant

Filler Words (Muletillas) in Spanish

Question: In English we have many filler words for when we dont know how to continue on in a sentence, or that can even express a certain emotion (e.g., err...). I am thinking of words such as hmmm... err... like (ooh, I hate that. Hey, I used another one.). What I would like to know is, what are some types of words such as this in Spanish? Answer: My least favorite is you know. In any case, in Spanish those filler words are called muletillas (or, less commonly, palabras de relleno) and are very common. But Spanish speakers tend not to use one-syllable utterances as much as in English. Instead, they tend to use common words like este (usually pronounced as esteeeee, depending on how nervous the person is), esto (or estoooo) or in Mexico o sea (which roughly means I mean). Che is often heard in Argentina. In other areas you may hear es decir (meaning, roughly, that is to say). The err has its equivalent in the sound eeeehh, and em is similar to the English ummm. Also, it is very common to use pues, which has a variety of meanings. Pues can be used at the start of a sentence as a kind of filler while you can get your thoughts together. Or try a ver, which can be thought of as lets see or well see.

Computer Ethic and Privacy Free Essays

Computers and the world of information technology are advancing quickly in this generation. Moor in his 1985 article â€Å"What is Computer Ethics? † stated that, â€Å"Computers provide us with new capabilities and these in turn give us new choices for action†. Hence, arguments about privacy and ethics in computer technology arise. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Ethic and Privacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the birth on computers there â€Å"was concern right away that computers would be used inappropriately to the detriment of society†(Herold, 2006). I believe that the good is outweighing the bad when it comes to computers.I also believe there is a degree of user Alana Northrop states in her paper that, â€Å"Computerized search systems have been one of the most widely deployed management science technologies in the fight against crime†(1993). Police officers use computers in their cars now. The computers gives them access to information on citizens and also has the ability to give them directions to where they want to go. Everybody benefits from the use of GPS. At some point everyone has used Google Maps and perhaps even Google Street View to find an address.But is Street View seen as an invasion of privacy? Or is it just another stride in computer and information advancement? I believe the way people use computers and information play a big role in the social benefits. People and corporations alike use computers and information as a tool for more information or for leverage. What users do not often understand is that â€Å"they also have a responsibility to consider the ramifications of their actions and to behave accordingly†(Herold, 2006).Software piracy and plagiarism are examples of what happens when computer users decide to ignore ethics and use the computer and information for their own personal gains and/or pleasure. Hackers believe that it’s acceptable to do anything with a computer as long as the purpose is to learn. This utilitarian way of thinking, that anything is ok as long as it is for the greater good (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2009), contributes to harming the social good. Hacking, piracy, plagiarism; these are the things happen because of how a person decided to use information.The information in and of itself is not harming the social good. That being said; the benefits of computers and the information they gather and store will always outweigh the harming of the social good. If you look at how far mankind has come with the help of computers and information technology, you will find evidence of this. Hospital records and now easier to access and store. Credit reports no longer takes weeks to obtain. We could go on and on with examples of how computers benefit society. I’m not sure that there is a way to effectively embrace computers while preventing the harm of the social good.With good things come the bad. We just need to accept that. Laws and regulations are in place to help minimize damage to the social good but even those have their limits. It really leans heavily on the moral character of the people that live in today’s world. Yes, without computers we wouldn’t have these issues. But we do have them and they mostly make our lives easier and simpler and I would say the trade-off is fair. References: Beauchamp, T. L. , Bowie, N. , Arnold, D. (2009). Ethical Theory and Business, (8th ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Herold, R. (2006). Introduction to computer ethics. Retrieved from http://www. infosectoday. com/Articles/Intro_Computer_Ethics. htm Moor, J. (1985). What is computer ethics?. Metaphilosophy, 16(4), 266. Northrup, A. (1993). Police use of computers. Informally published manuscript, Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California- Irvine, Irvine, California. , Available from Escholarship. org. (qt71x0h7hb)Retrieved from http://escholarship. org/uc/item/71x0h7hb How to cite Computer Ethic and Privacy, Papers

College Athletes Should be paid free essay sample

If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, ND an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times. (Sonny) superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all College Athletes Should Be paid the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for sore athletes,

Turnaround Strategy free essay sample

The two broad turnaround strategies that may be followed by Public and Private companies are Strategic and Operating. Strategic turnarounds can be branched into activities that comprises of a change in business strategy for competing in the same business and those that involve for entering a new business or businesses. Operating strategies does not involve altering the business level strategies and usually focuses on increasing revenues, decreasing cost, decreasing assets or a combination effort. Our research work mainly focuses on existing corporates that applies Strategic turnaround strategies to reverse a major decline in their performance. Repositioning Strategy Repositioning is an entrepreneurial strategy that puts its emphasis on growth and innovation. This strategy answers the declining situation in an organization by devising out a new definition of the mission and its core activities. The organization can choose to stay and become more dominant in the existing market or by diversifying itself into new markets and products. We will write a custom essay sample on Turnaround Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some of the cases the management may think that the current resource capabilities of a company can achieve a greater competitive advantage, if applied to a new market segment by successfully integrating and making a fit between the capabilities of the firm and the external environment. The repositioning strategy acknowledges the notion of diversification and provides an opportunity for a firm to leverage on it existing resources such as financial and technical capabilities to come up with related or unrelated products. However, the success of this strategy is highly dependent on the management to effectively select the right portfolio mix. Nike was successful in pursuing related diversification when it decided to launch beach styled sport clothing (Hurley) as a business line. The impact of this entrepreneurial strategy applied in the private sector has been researched in 11 empirical studies. Out of 11, only two of these find that the repositioning strategy has no impact on the financial recovery . From the remaining 9 studies, 7 of them has clear evidence that repositioning has a positive impact on the firms performance. Focusing on the Core Activities This turnaround relates to a particular niche or a focus strategy (Porter,1980,pp. 38–40). This strategy doesn’t involve a complete redefinition of the business but it tries to bring in a strategic change for refocusing on a particular product/market mix. Sometimes this strategy is chosen when a firm loses its focus by adding new product lines or customers while still trying to compete with its historical product/market mix. A classic extension failure exa mple would be Coca-Cola launching â€Å"New Coke† in 1985. [33] Although it was initially accepted, a backlash against â€Å"New Coke† soon emerged among consumers. Not only did Coca-Cola not succeed in developing a new brand but sales of the original flavour also decreased. Coca-Cola had to make considerable efforts to regain customers who had turned to Pepsi by focusing on its core brand. Outsourcing Outsourcing is a strategy that addresses an organization’s position within the value chain it operates. It shares some similarity with the focus strategy as this process calls for focusing on the activities where the firm is more profitable and to outsource the remainder activities to the third parties who can perform them more efficiently. Traditionally, outsourcing strategy has been applied more to the finance and Information system departments. In 2008 Chrysler made news in which it announced that several hundred technology workers would lose their jobs as it was moving with plans to outsource their IT department. The rationale behind this step was to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company while making it more flexible to the environmental changes. The Management Process One of the widely researched and generalized Turnaround strategy is the replacement of the current Top Management Team of the business suffering from declining performance. Alot of turnaround experts sees that replacing the CEO is one the most important ingredient for recovering a business. The rationale behind this is that the top management has a certain set of beliefs about running a business, many of which must be wrong for the current decline in performance to arise. Previous researchers who have studied the turnaround strategies have also asserted that the turnaround efforts are begun with the top management being replaced mainly due to thefact that the new management brings in a new understanding of the factors affecting a firm’s performance, enabling productive change to occur. However, regardless of the evidence provided above, not all of the turnaround strategies require a change in their top management. Some of them can be successfully accomplished through the incumbent management. The decision whether to change the current management or not are dependent on a number of factors, e. g. the causes of decline (Some decline may occur becau se of unmanageable external factors), the industrial differences as well as the firm resource situation.

The Most Selective Colleges, Why, and How to Get In

The Most Selective Colleges, Why, and How to Get In SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's tempting to judge the quality of a school based on its admissions rate. Although this is a reasonable way to assess schools in most cases, there are some special circumstances that might result in extremely low acceptance rates at less academically demanding colleges. In this article, I'll list the most selective colleges in the United States, tell you why they accept so few of their applicants, and provide some advice on how to apply successfully. What Are Selective Colleges, and Why Are They So Picky? Selective colleges are schools that only admit a small percentage of the students who apply. For this article, I'm focusing on the most selective schools in the country, which I've defined as schools that admit less than 10% of applicants. There are several reasons why certain colleges end up with such low acceptance rates. Some schools are extremely selective because they’re looking for a certain specialized type of applicant, and very few students fit the bill. This category would include a school like Juilliard, which is only interested in admitting students who demonstrate virtuosity in music. Students must audition in front of members of the faculty as one of their application requirements. This group also includes military schools like West Point, where candidates must pass a physical fitness assessment and obtain a nomination from their representative in Congress or the Senate to be considered for admission. Other colleges are extremely selective because they’re looking for students with excellent credentials overall, and they can only afford to take the most high-achieving individuals out of the huge applicant pool they attract. These schools represent an intersection of popularity and very high standards. This includes Ivy League schools and schools like Stanford and MIT. These schools have strong name recognition even on an international level, so they attract a huge number of applicants. In 2018-19, Harvard offered admission to only 1,950 students out of 43,330 total applicants! In order to maintain their reputations, these schools can only choose the most outstanding students for each class. Usually, it takes more than just excellent grades and test scores to get in; you'll need these qualifications on top of other unique academic and extracurricular accomplishments. I'll go over the schools that fall into each of these categories in the next section. I assume this was the fate of most applications in the primitive time before the Internet. The Most Selective Colleges I've grouped the following selective colleges into two main categories: non-specialized schools and specialized schools. Non-Specialized Selective Schools First, I'll list some schools that have low admission rates because they're extremely popular and can only choose the strongest overall applicants. They're listed in descending order, starting with the most selective school. I'll also give you the statistics for the average GPA and SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Keep in mind that even if your scores and GPA are technically at the same level as the averages at these schools, you can’t count on being accepted. Any school that has an acceptance rate of less than 15% is a reach school even for the best students, and any school with an acceptance rate of less than 30% is still very selective. College Name Acceptance Rate Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Stanford 4.8% 3.95 1465 33 Harvard 5.2% 4.10 1520 34 Columbia 6.1% 4.14 1515 34 Yale 6.3% 4.12 1505 34 Princeton 6.4% 3.90 1500 33 MIT 7.2% 4.16 1528 34 Caltech 7.7% 4.22 1560 35 Pomona 8.4% 4.01 1450 32 University of Chicago 8.7% 4.29 1530 34 Claremont McKenna 9.0% 4.09 1490 32 Northwestern 9.2% 4.09 1490 33 Brown 9.3% 4.09 1488 32 UPenn 9.3% 3.93 1490 33 Dartmouth 10.4% 4.07 1478 32 Vanderbilt 10.7% 3.80 1475 34 Duke 10.8% 4.08 1485 33 The University of Chicago: subtly (or not so subtly) trying to inch its way into the Ivy League? Specialized Selective Schools Now I’ll list schools that are extremely selective because they have specialized programs and are looking for specific types of applicants. I'll also include the average GPA and test scores for each of these schools, although be aware that some of them do not report these statistics. In the case of highly selective music schools, test scores and grades are less relevant to a student’s likelihood of acceptance. These schools consider musical talent more strongly than academic performance. In this section, I’ve included a description of exactly why each school is so selective as well. College Name Acceptance Rate Average GPA Average SAT/ACT Why Is It So Selective? Curtis Institute of Music 4.0% Not reported Not reported This school is only looking for the most elite music students, and admission is "based on artistic promise alone." Curtis Institute also provides a full tuition scholarship to all of its students. These factors combined create an acceptance rate below that of even the most competitive colleges on the first list. The Juilliard School 5.9% Not reported Not reported Like the Curtis Institute of Music, Juilliard is only looking for a very specific and very talented subset of students. Students must audition for faculty members as a part of the application process, and performance standards are extraordinarily high. US Naval Academy 8.5% 3.94 1410 / 31 In order to attend the US Naval Academy, students must apply for and receive a nomination from a US representative, a senator, or the vice president. Students must also pass a physical fitness assessment and a medical examination. Academic standards are very high, so there is only a small subset of students who meet all the necessary requirements. US Military Academy (West Point) 9.6% 3.73 1300 / 25 West Point has such a low acceptance rate because it requires students to pass muster in other ways besides earning high test scores and grades. Applicants must complete a physical fitness assessment where they have to do as many push-ups as they can in two minutes (for me, this would be about 0.5), run a mile as fast as possible, and do a few other tests for agility and strength. They also have to apply for a nomination from a congressperson or senator from their state or from the vice president. Only students whose requests for nominations are granted will be offered a spot at West Point. Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art 13.1% 3.50 1393 / 31 Cooper Union is an all-honors college where every student receives a half-tuition scholarship and is automatically considered for additional merit scholarships; it also has highly specialized programs in architecture, fine arts, and engineering. Students applying to each of the schools must take "home tests" designed by Cooper Union to determine their skill levels. Admission is based significantly on creative abilities in addition to high academic standing, which makes Cooper Union both popular and picky. Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering 13.4% 3.90 1497 / 34 The small size of the student body (fewer than 100 students are accepted each year), combined with the half-tuition scholarship all accepted students receive, make Olin a desirable and competitive college to get into. Because Olin is an engineering school, students must demonstrate aptitude in areas like calculus and physics in addition to overall academic excellence. West Point graduation looks fun, but they're actually throwing up their hats in a very specific military formation. This is a tactic used to confuse and distract the enemy with its appearance of reckless exuberance. What to Do If You're Aiming for the Most Selective Colleges If you're hoping to attend one of these selective schools, that's great! There's no magic formula for acceptance, but you also don't have to rely on luck if you play your cards right. To have a solid chance of acceptance at one of the non-specialized selective colleges, you'll need to take the most difficult classes throughout high school while earning very high grades. As you can see by the average GPAs for admission at these schools, it's expected that most students will have high school transcripts dominated by As. SAT/ACT test scores are also very important; your scores should be at or above the average for admitted students. Even at non-specialized schools (but especially at specialized schools), it's important to show excellence in one academic or extracurricular area if you want to stand out from the crowd. Since you're competing with so many applicants, and most of them will have academic credentials that are just as good as yours, you need to find a way to demonstrate your value as a member of the college community that goes beyond grades and test scores. The most selective schools appreciate passion, drive, and outside-the-box thinking. If you can develop a specialization that shows them that you possess those qualities, your chances of acceptance will be very strong. Read this article for more advice on what it takes to get into extremely selective schools. What's Next? If you're hoping to attend a highly selective school, you'll need to have a very strong academic record in high school. Learn more about high school honors classes and societies. Not sure what your GPA means for your chances of college admission? Find out what a good or bad GPA might look like based on your goals. College ranking lists can strongly influence how people view the quality of certain schools. Read this article to get a more complete picture of what ranking lists really mean and whether you should trust them. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki Biography Essay

Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki Biography - Essay Example Eritrea’s history is related to its unique position on the Red Sea, with a coastline extending over one thousand kilometers. Its strategic importance is because of the mineral resources it has together with their history with Ethiopia. The nine ethnic groups recognized by the Eritrean government include the Cushitic Saho, Beja, Afar and Blin; the Semitic Tigre, Rashaida and Tigrigna; and the Nara and Kunama. The society in Eritrea is ethnically heterogeneous, with each ethnic group speaking a different native language. Having a little patience you are able to learn interesting facts about Eritrea, and why its history is unique and special. To begin with a visit to the capital Asmara reveals how the streets are clean, filled with friendly natives and there is not sign that there is homelessness as depicted by international medias. A tour of the city outskirts you see the reforestation and soil preservation efforts the government has embarked on, through the Eritrean student summer national service program. In Eritrea’s primary schools, children are taught in their mother tongue; bear in mind there are nine tribes, each ethnic group with a unique language how special and unique can that get, in one of the world’s poorest country. Eritrea is the only nation in the entire world to execute such a program. Again, Eritrea is a country where arranged marriages still exist in the villages. The entire tale of the Eritrean armed struggle is read about like it is an epic novel. Another special f act to recall is that Eritrea is a neocolonialist state in Africa, but has managed to achieve more in its twelve years of independence compared to nations like Sudan, Cote d’Ivoire, and Nigeria where Muslims and Christians slaughter each other. Bear in mind that Eritrea is constituted by half Muslims and half Christians, yet no such atrocity is experienced. The people of Eritrea might

Analyzing The Glass Castle examining characters (Rex; the father) Essay

Analyzing The Glass Castle examining characters (Rex; the father) - Essay Example In order to analyze the characters present in The Glass House memoir, it will take a more in depth approach than just physically describing them. Instead, there will be an approach taken to see the different quirks of each character and to see how this influenced the author. Jeanette Walls is the writer and also the narrator in the book so it is important to determine who she is and her relationship with each of the characters. In order to conduct this character analysis, there will be an identification of the character, their characteristics and any conflicts within the story that apply to the person’s place within it. As Jeanette is the main character, she is considered one of the major characters because the series of events which occur within the story all evaluate around her and her perception of them at the particular time in her life. As the narrator, she describes her life starting out by recalling seeing her mother as she was rummaging in the dark in the dumpster, homeless in New York City while Jeanette was headed to a party. Since it had been months since she had seen her own mother, she had become overcome with panic. This initial introduction within the first few paragraphs of the book foreshadows an awkward past that Jeanette had lived and moved past. Most people would be ecstatic to see their parents if they had not seen them for several months but Jeanette almost looked upon her mother as a lost memory. Jeanette actually offered a thorough analysis of her own perspective at this point saying that while her own mother stood 15 feet away, there were rags tied around her shoulders whil e she dug through the dumpster alongside the dog. All gestures were familiar to Jeanette as she looked at her from the taxi as an adult, as they had to her when she was a child. While she had aged and had gray matted hair with sunken eyes, she still reminded Jeanette of the mom she had been when Jeanette was a kid,

Hemoglobinopathy for Malaria Protection

Hemoglobinopathy for Malaria Protection Redcells and  anaemia:  What  evidence exists to  support  the hypothesis that  haemoglobinopathies confer protection against  malaria? Introduction Haemoglobinopathies can be divided into two areas, abnormal haemoglobin synthesis and decreased haemoglobin synthesis. Abnormal haemoglobin synthesis is usually a result of genetic defects, caused by amino acid substitutions in the ÃŽÂ ± or ÃŽÂ ² chains of the haemoglobin molecule. Decreased haemoglobin synthesis is also caused by genetic disorders and arise from gene deletions of either ÃŽÂ ± or ÃŽÂ ² globin chains. This group of diseases is called thalassemia. Malaria is a parasite infection caused by the Plasmodium genus. There are 4 types that affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparam), Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) and Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale). The most common form is P. falciparam, which is responsible for 80% of all cases and 90% of deaths. Malaria affects between 300-500 million people each year and is prevalent in tropical areas where mosquitoes act as vectors for the parasite. Hence, much of research undertaken to date focuses primarily on P. falciparam infection. Upon entering the body the Plasmodium parasite migrates to the liver. After multiplication, they are released into the blood as merozoites. The merozoites then bind to and enter the red blood cell. The hypothesis that haemoglobin disorders confer protection against malaria can be evaluated by reviewing the evidence in support of malarial protection. However, evidence showing that these disorders do not confer protection should not be ignored. Sickle cell disease The protective effect of Sickle cell disease (SCD) against malaria was first described over 60 years ago (Beet, 1946). SCD is an inherited disease, caused by the production of abnormal haemoglobin, HbS. The gene for sickle haemoglobin (HbS) substitutes valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position from the amino terminus of the ÃŽÂ ² chain (Serjeant). Under low oxygen tension, the HbS polymerises resulting in sickling of the red blood cell (haem mal 4). Homozygous individuals for HbS carry the genotype HbSS, inheriting abnormal genes for ÃŽÂ ²-globin from both parents. Without adequate treatment, this form of the disease is fatal in early life. However, heterozygous individuals who inherit one abnormal and one normal ÃŽÂ ²-globin gene are asymptomatic and carry the genotype HbAS. This genotype is known as Sickle cell trait, which various studies claim confers protection against malaria (Allison, 1964, Freidman, 1978) ( ref 1011, haem mal4). The mechanism by which HbAS prevents malaria is unclear and is an area that requires greater research. However, there have been many suggested mechanisms over the years. These mechanisms involve the interactions between red blood cells and parasites, without excluding the role of the immune system. A study conducted by Cholera 2008 examined the role of cytoadherence of parasite and red blood cells. The findings showed that parasite infected HbAS red blood cells showed reduced binding capability to endothelial cells and blood monocytes when compared to parasitized normal Hb red blood cells. This impairment caused by HbAS is caused by a reduced expression of P. falciparam erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), responsible for cytoadherence of infected red blood cells to critical tissues such as the brain. The role of the immune system in resisting parasite infection has also been explored. Increased phagocytosis of infected HbAS erythrocytes in comparison with normal infected erythrocytes was observed ( ref smith et al 2002, akide et al 2003, Roberts Williams 2003 etc Haem mal). Further evidence showing the central role of the immune system has been illustrated by increased protection with age, strengthening the importance of immunological responses to parasite infection. Other mechanisms include the inhibition of parasite growth within erythrocytes by HbS polymerisation caused by low oxygen tension ( Haem mal). Haemoglobin C Haemoglobin C is found in west Africa, and in its homozygous state, referred to as HbCC, causes haemolysis and splenomegaly. Heterozygotes are asymptomatic and display the genotype HbAC. Haemoglobin C arises from a point mutation where glutamate is replaced by lysine at the sixth position of the ÃŽÂ ²-globin chain.   Acquired immunity against P. falciparum was reported in HbC and HbS due to abnormal display of PfEMP1 (Verra et al, 2007). However, studies on HbC malarial protection have produced contradictory results. Some studies claimed homozygous HbCC individuals were protected from developing severe malaria(haem mal) and were also at a reduced risk of malarial infections (modiano et al, 2001, haem mal). ÃŽÂ ±-Thalassemia ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia is caused by decreased synthesis of ÃŽÂ ±-globin. It is caused by deletion of ÃŽÂ ±-globin genes on chromosome 16 (Yuthavong Wilairat 1993, haem mal). ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia results in mild anaemia, and lower levels of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Population genetics have shown ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia to protect against malaria, but similar to SCD, there is no consensus on the mechanism of action. Studies have shown ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia protects against severe and fatal malaria, whereas parasiteamia is unaffected (72-78, haem mal 3). A reduction in complement receptor 1 (CR1) expression caused by ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia has been proposed as a possible mechanism of protection. CR1   deficient erythrocytes reduce rosetting of cells, which is associated with severe malaria ( Cockburn 2004). This rosetting of cells mediated by CR1 can potentially obstruct capillaries (Stoute, 2011). ÃŽÂ ²-Thalassemia ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia results in either no or little ÃŽÂ ²-globin production, caused by mutations on chromosome 11. Heterozygotes experience mild anaemia and ineffective erythropoiesis whereas homozygotes suffer from severe anaemia and leads to death without proper treatment (Weatherall,2000, haem mal). Protection in early life from malaria was seen in ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia carriers as a result of foetal haemoglobin levels declining more slowly than usual ( Pasvol 1978). Other researchers reported P. falciparam growth inhibition in vitro (Brockleman 1978) and higher phagocytosis of ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia infected erythrocytes compared to normal erythrocytes. Like ÃŽÂ ±-thalassemia and SCD, there is not yet a definitive mechanism by which ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia protects against malaria and suggested mechanisms put forward until now require greater research. Conclusion By examining the evidence, haemoglobinopathies do confer protection against malaria. However, the protection varies from one disorder to the next as does the level of protection from malarial infection and parasite progression. The protection revolves around the red blood cell which is central to the life cycle of the malaria parasite. The different haemoglobin abnormalities disrupt parasite and red blood cell interactions in diverse pathways, resulting in differing mechanisms of protection and subsequently different levels of protection. The lack of consensus regarding mechanisms involved highlights the necessity for further research. In addition to the possible protection pathways mentioned earlier, the analysis of population genetics cannot be ignored. The haemoglobinopathies discussed have a higher prevalence in malaria endemic regions due to the protection conferred from this lethal parasite.

Catcher in The Rye Essay -- essays research papers

Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J.D Salinger’s novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† focuses mainly on Holden Caulfield because he is the narrator and the novel is about his memory of characters and events throughout the story. These characters are more than just remembrances but actually help the reader to better understand Holden. Mr. Antolini, Phoebe, and Jane Gallagher are all characters that help fully characterize Holden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Antolini helps the reader better understand Holden’s hasty judgments about characters in the novel. He is one of the few people in the novel who Holden respects and does not consider a â€Å"phony.† Holden respects Mr. Antolini because he understands him and does not treat him like an inferior student like the rest of his teachers do. Mr. Antolini is very open with Holden and this is shown when he lets him stay the night in his apartment. Holden’s quick judgments of people are shown and better understood when Mr. Antolini touches his forehead while he sleeps in chapter 24. â€Å"I know more damn perverts, at schools and all, than anybody you ever met, and they’re always being perverty when I’m around.†(192) Holden jumps to conclusions right away when he wakes up to Mr. Antolini touching his forehead. Instead of thinking that his teacher was just showing affection and care for a student he is very quick to think that he is a pervert and homosexual. In the quote Holden says, â€Å"they’re always being perverty when I’m around,† this is more evidence that Holden jumps to conclusions and is quick with assumptions rather than to think about what it is to be a pervert. He thinks that he is just in the wrong place at the wrong time but it is more likely that he just assumes they are being â€Å"perverty† when they are truly not. Another example of Holden being quick with judgment is directly after the incident happens. Without letting the incident sink in, Holden changes into his clothes and runs out of the apartment. Mr. Antolini and the events that take place in his apartment help the reader fully understand Holden. Mr. Antolini is a compassionate person and his actions are out of care for his friend and student, Holden’s quick and hasty judgment is shown when he overlooks Mr. Antolini’s concern and affection for a homosexual advance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phoebe is another character that helps the reader bet... ...y voice was shaking something awful.† Holden’s helplessness to realize that sex can be casual is showing that he is immature and that he doesn’t want to let go of his childhood innocence. Jane’s character, a girl who Holden knows very well and has affection for, has casual sex which makes Holden very upset, this helps the reader better understand Holden’s immatureness and his refusal to let go of his childhood innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† the reader is able to better understand Holden by the characters in his remembrances. Mr. Antolini, a person who shows affection for Holden, shows the reader that Holden makes quick assumptions and judgments with characters in the novel. Phoebe, Holden’s younger sister, makes it evident to the reader that Holden does not want to grow up, mature, and have a future as an adult. Jane Gallagher’s character also helps the reader better understand Holden by making it evident that he does not want to let go of his childhood innocence. Although Holden’s character is the main focus of the novel, his remembrances of other key characters help define him and give the reader a better understanding of who he is.

Online Hotel reservation Essay

INTRODUCTION Over the years, the internet has greatly changed the way people use computers and communicate today. Many Internet terms have become part of people’s everyday language and e-mail has added a whole new means through which people can communicate. By the turn of the century, information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. The popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway. Whether you want to find the latest financial news, browse through library catalogs, exchange information with colleagues, or join in a lively political debate, the Internet is the tool that will take you beyond telephones, faxes, and isolated computers to a burgeoning networked information frontier. The pace of change brought about by new technologies has had a significant effect on the way people live and work worldwide. New and emerging technologies challenge the traditional process of teaching and learning, and the way education is managed. Information technology, while an important area of study in its own right, is having a major impact across all curriculum areas. As internet technology has improved, so have online reservation systems. Today, it is possible through online, to make a reservation for a hotel anywhere in the world. Hotels can create Web site and post new content on it every day. Technology has gone a long way, improving the lives of people. These technological breakthroughs have lots to offer, making great things in the easiest, fastest and efficient possible ways you can think of. Online hotel Reservation is very useful for the people especially for socials that they can now easily reserve a room in a hotel through online Internet. Easy worldwide communication provides instant access to a vast array of data. Project Overview Project Statement The hotel reservation system will provide service to on-line customers, travel agents, and an administrator. On-line customers and travel agents can make searches, reservations and cancel an existing reservation on the hotel reservation’s web site. Administrator can add/update the hotel and the room information approve/disapprove a new travel agent’s account application and  generate a monthly occupancy rate report for each hotel. Literature review The design of travel and tourism websites has received substantial attention by scholars (e.g.Schegg et al., 2002; Law and Leung, 2002; Law andWong, 2003; Scharl, Wà ¶ber and Bauer, 2003; Landvogt, 2004; So and Morrison, 2004; Essawy, 2005; Jeong et al., 2005; Law and Hsu,2006;Zafiropoulos and Vrana, 2006; Schmidt, Cantallops, and dos Santos, 2007).Landvogt (2004) evaluates several online booking engines over 23 differentcriteria, like overall user friendliness, payment method, instant confirmation,reliability, and invoicing function among others. These criteria present some ofsystem’s functions and design principles discussed furtherin current paper.In their study Jeong et al. (2005) find that only two characteristics ofhotel websites (information completeness and ease of use) are importantdeterminants of perceived website quality. These results are bewildering asmost studies identify more dimensions of perceived service quality to besignificant for website users. Law and Hsu (2006), for example, assess thedimensions of hotel websites (information regarding the reservation, hotelfacilities, contact details of the property, surrounding area and websitemanagement) and attributes in each dimension mostly valued by online users.Some of the most important website attributes are found to be the room rates,availability and security of payments (in the reservation informationdimension), the location maps, hotel and room amenities (in facilitiesinformation), telephone, address and e-mail of the hotel (for contactinformation), transportation to the hotel, airports and sights (for surroundingarea information), and up-to-date information, multilingual site and shortdownload time (for website management). So and Morrison (2004) applysimilar criteria for website evaluation as the preceding study but they groupthem into technical, marketing, consumer perspective and destinationinformation perspective criteria.Essawy (2005) focuses on website usability and shows that severeusability problems with interface quality, information quality, and servicequality affect negatively the purchase and revisit intentions of website users.The author identifies some of the practical tools/activities for increasing users’perceived satisfaction, purchase intention, and potential relationship building –exchanging links  with local points of interest, shorter/simpler pathways toleisure breaks, greater depth of information for room facilities and pricing,providing proactive interactions, and avoiding third-party reservation systems. In similar vein, Scharl, Wà ¶ber and Bauer (2003) assess the effectiveness ofhotel websites. Authors identify personal, system and media factors thatcontribute to hotel website adoption. In the system factors group, that is morecontrollable by the hotel management compared to personal and media factors,they identify the perceived utility of the product, speed of the system,intelligence, layout, services, languages, navigation, interactivity, reliability ofthe system.Research has also shown that trust is an important dimension of websitedevelopment (Fam, Foscht and Collins, 2004; Chen, 2006; Wu and Chang, 2006). If consumers do not trust the website they will not visit it, or will nottransform their visits into real purchases.Although much effort has been put towards evaluating the design oftourism websites and the identification of website attributes highly valued bycustomers, there is a gap in the research in the OHRS design and its specificproblems have not received enough attention in previous research with fewnotable exceptions. In series of reports Bainbridge (2002, 2003a, 2003b)discusses the practical aspects of the OHRS design (the search option in thesystems, the booking process and the date format), while Ivanov (2002, 2005)discusses the types and main characteristics of OHRSs and the major marketingdecisions to be taken by the marketing managers in their design. The review of available literature on the tourism / hotel website and OHRS design reveals the following conclusions:  · Website users are interested in easy navigation through the system.  · They want abundance of information for the services offered in textand pictures.  · Trust is vital for the usage of the system.  · Website design can significantly influence the online experience of theusers and their purchase intentions.  · Website design itself does not guarantee online purchases but it is theperceived utility of the product that attracts customers. Demographic characteristics and Internet Usage Behaviour Education level, age, income,and occupation have been found to be significantly different among Internet users. Bonn etal.(1998)[15] study showed that those who use the Internet as a travel information-gathering tool are likely to bemore educated, younger, with higher household incomes, use commercial lodging accommodations while traveling, tend to travel by air and spend more money on travel-related expenses. Weber and Roehl’s (1999)[16] study shows similar results. They found that online travel purchasers are more likely to be people who are aged 26-55, with higherincomes, with higher status occupations, and have more years of experience with the Internet than those who do not search or purchase online. The Asian demographic patterns of online purchasers tend to mirror their Western profiles. According tostudies carried out by Technowledge Asia in 1999 and 2000, cybershoppers in the four Asian regions (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia) were found to be mainly males, in the age group of 26 to 35 years and better educated. Hence, it has been shown that an individual’s educational level may affect their susceptibility to attitude change. Intelligent people understandcomplex messages better, and as a result, persuasion by complex messages is more likely. In addition, an individual’s educational level is alsopartially a measure of their socioeconomic status. Weber and Roehl (1999)[16] study found that Internet â€Å"bookers† were more likely to have used the Internet for 4 years. Other researchers confirmed that Internet bookers spend more time online per week than those booking offline (Weber and Roehl ,1999)[16]. Finally, the intention to shop online is also influenced by consumers’ Internet shopping history (Shim et al., 2001)[17]. It is demonstrated by pastresearch findings that prior online shoppingexperiences have a direct impact on Internet shopping intentions (Weber and Roehl, 1999)[16]. There have been other studies that have supported online experience or tenure as key determinant of onlinebuying behavior (Bellman, Lohse, and Johnson, 1999[18] and Beldona et al, 2004)[19]. Findings indicate that the greater the number of years the user spent online combined with higher frequency of Internet usage; the greater was the likelihood of buying (Bellman et al., 1999[18]; Weber and Roehl, 1999[16] and Beldona et al 2004)[19]. Alwitt and Hamer (2000)[20] posit that consumers increase  their control with more time spent on the Internet, and in turn develop finer expectations of their interactions with businesses in general. Hammond, McWilliam, and Diaz (1998)[21] of users’ attitudes towards the Web. Based from the literature review of the Internet users,it is noticeable that Internet users are better educated, higher incomes, higher status occupations, have more online experience, use commercial lodging accommodations while travelling and tend to travel by air. In Malaysia, one of the profiles that had an early exposure to the culture of using the Internetfor personal and professional reasons was university residents. These may consist of students, administrators and lecturers. However, university staffs are more likely to fit the profiles of the Internet users (in terms of purchasing) due to their financial capability and mobility. Consequently, this leads to: H1 : There is a relationship between the university   staffs’ demographic factors and the determinants of  online hotel reservation H2 : There is a relationship between the university   staffs’ Internet usage behavior and the determinants of online hotel reservation

sociology internationalist crime deviance - 1200 Words

1c How do interactionists explain crime? (Labelling Theory) Are offenders different? Interactionists argue that a mistake most perspectives make is that they assume lawbreakers are somehow different from law-abiding people. The labelling theory suggests that most people commit deviant and criminal acts but only come are caught and stigmatised for it. It is for this reason that emphasis should be on understanding the reaction and definition of deviance rather than the causes of the initial act. Quote by Howard Becker 1963 â€Å"Deviancy is not a quality of the act a person commits but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender’. Deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label.† The†¦show more content†¦This concept refers to the processes involved in labelling and then whether or not a person takes on the self-image of the ‘deviant’. Creating Rules Once labelling theorists began the process of looking at how social life was open to negotiation and that rule enforcement was no different than other social activities, their attention shifted to the creation of rules and laws and why they were made. Traditionally sociologists took a Marxists view that they were made in the interest or the ruling class, or they took a more functionalist view that laws in a democracy were a reflection of the views of the majority of the population. Becker doubted both these accounts and argued instead that: â€Å"Rules are the products of someone’s initiative and we can think of the people who exhibit such enterprises as ‘moral entrepreneurs’.† So labelling theorists argue that laws are a reflection of the activities of people (moral entrepreneurs) who actively seek to create and enforce laws. The reasons for this are either that the new laws will benefit the activists directly or that the activists believe that the laws are truly beneficial to society. Becker’s most famous example of this is his study following the outlawing of cannabis in the USA in 1937. Becker as well as other sociologists use term ‘moral crusade’ to describe the movements/actions taken to pass laws. Criticisms The idea that those who seek to pass laws or impose rule upon others have been largelyShow MoreRelatedCity of God949 Words   |  4 PagesLaura Schneider Sociology 1 The City of God After watching â€Å"The City of God†, I personally can see the correlation that crime plays in association with poverty, social influence, and lack of law and order. Though my perspective vastly varies from that of sociological theorists, I think we can both conclude that this movie is an extreme representation as to what can occur when society shuns away disadvantaged youths to a place that lacks justice as well as ethical and moral responsibilities.Read MoreDeviance Theory and Drug Use1619 Words   |  7 PagesTheories of Deviance Applied to Drug Use Since the dawn of society there have been people whose behavior differed from the rest of society. There are many different theories and perspectives on why people do things like abuse drugs, and although we my never have all the answers, sociology still help us to understand the problem better. In order to understand the theories of deviance, and apply them to drug use in our society one must first understand what deviance is. Alex Thio defines deviance as an